Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a condition that affects the arteries in your lungs and the right side of your heart. In this guide, you’ll learn about PH, its symptoms, how it’s diagnosed, and what treatments are available to help you live a full life.
What is Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)?
Pulmonary Hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. These arteries become narrowed or blocked, making it harder for blood to flow. This causes pressure to build up and puts strain on your heart.
How Does it Affect the Body?
Your heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed arteries in the lungs. Over time, this can weaken the heart, especially the right
side, leading to more serious problems if untreated.
Symptoms of Pulmonary Hypertension:
• Shortness of breath (especially during exercise or activities)
• Fatigue or feeling tired
• Chest pain or pressure
• Swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen (fluid retention)
• Dizziness or fainting spells
• A fast heartbeat or palpitations
If you notice these symptoms, it’s important to speak with your doctor.
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension:
- Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (Idiopathic): Cause unknown, but may be linked to genetics.
- Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension: Caused by other conditions like heart disease, lung disease (such as COPD), blood clots in the lungs, or autoimmune diseases (like lupus or scleroderma).
How is Pulmonary Hypertension Diagnosed?
- Medical History and Physical Exam: Your doctor will review your symptoms and health history.
- Echocardiogram (Echo): An ultrasound of your heart to check its structure and function.
- Right Heart Catheterization: Measures the pressure in your lung arteries to confirm PH.
- Chest X-rays, Blood Tests, and Pulmonary Function Tests
Treatment Options for Pulmonary Hypertension:
The following medications could be prescribed in appropriate patients:
- Vasodilators (e.g., epoprostenol, treprostinil): Help open up the blood vessels in your lungs.
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (e.g., bosentan): Block harmful substances that cause blood vessel tightening.
- Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil): Help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.
- Sotatercept (New Treatment): Targets the activin receptor pathway to reduce pressure in the lungs.
Non-medication treatment:
- Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, low-sodium diet, avoiding smoking.
- Oxygen Therapy: If your oxygen levels are low, this helps provide extra oxygen to your body.
- Surgery: In advanced cases, lung transplants or other surgical interventions may be considered.
Managing Your Condition
- Stay Active: Gentle exercises like walking can help improve heart function and energy levels.
- Track Your Symptoms: Keep a journal to note any changes in how you feel.
- Take Medications as Prescribed: Following your doctor’s instructions is key to managing PH.
Emotional Support
- Join a Support Group: Connecting with others who have PH can provide encouragement and advice.
- Talk to Your Family: Make sure your loved ones understand your condition so they can support you.
When to Call Your Doctor:
If you experience worsening shortness of breath, chest pain, or dizziness, seek medical advice immediately.
Where to Learn More:
- Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA): www.phassociation.org
- American Lung Association: www.lung.org
- Local PH Support Groups: https://phsingapore.org
If you have any questions about your condition or treatment options, reach out to your healthcare provider.